什麼是糖尿病？

什麼是糖尿病？
糖尿病的一般治療
糖尿病的症狀以及危險性
糖尿病患該如何自我保養

☉在飲食方面
☉在運動上
☉在生活習慣上

☉在輔助自然療法上
什麼是糖尿病？
糖 尿病顧名思義就是尿中有糖，正常人的尿液中是不應該含糖的，食物在進入人體後，經由胃腸道的消化分解後，就會進入血液循環中，此時血液中的葡萄糖 濃度會上升，人體的內分泌系統感應到此訊息後，位於胰臟的beta細胞就會分泌遺島素，讓血液中的血糖能夠順利的轉化成如蛋白質、脂肪、肝醣等大分子的營 養素，進入人體組織後儲存起來，在一連串的消化代謝後的水分及水溶性代謝廢棄物，在進入準備排出體外的泌尿系統後，是不會有葡萄糖的存在，而尿液中會殘留 糖份，代表遺島素的分泌或作用不完全，導致糖份在消化代謝後不能獲得充分的吸收利用，才會由尿液中排出，因此遺島素不能充分發揮生理作用及分泌量不足是糖 尿病發生的主要病因。
糖 尿病可分為先天性的「遺島素依賴性」糖尿病，簡稱「第一型糖尿病」，及後天性的「非遺島素依賴型」糖尿病，簡稱「第二型糖尿病」，95％以上的糖 尿病患屬於第二型糖尿病，而超過一半以上第二型糖尿病患是有糖尿病家族遺傳史的，第一型糖尿病患多會在幼年發病，患者大多因為無法分泌遺島素，因此僅能依 賴注射遺島素來達到生理正常代謝的維持，第二型糖尿病多在中晚年發病，除了遺傳基因外，肥胖、飲食、壓力、生活習慣等，都與發病與否及時間點有關，例如規 律的運動習慣、保持理想體種、忌吃甜食、充足的睡眠...，即使有糖尿病的遺傳基因，也可能終生不發病，或者延後發病時間，即使發病了，血糖也很容易控 制；相反的，愛吃甜食、不愛運動、肥胖、菸酒不忌、工作壓力大、睡眠不足，在加上遺傳因素，第二型糖尿病還是可能三十幾歲就來報到，如果生活習慣依然不調 整，血糖值也會很難控制。
糖尿病的一般治療
糖尿病的治療，廣泛來說，可分為血糖的控制和併發症的防治兩個方向，而血糖控制方面，又可分為促進遺島素的分泌及補充遺島素兩個階段，雖然遺島素的補充已有透過吸入方式補充，不過目前絕大多數病患還是以注射的方式補充遺島素。
第一型糖尿病患在發病的第一時間，大多只能選擇以補充遺島素的方式來作為血糖的控制，配合嚴格的飲食控制及生活習慣，能夠減緩遺島素劑量的增加幅度。
第二型糖尿病患當飯前血糖值在200mg/dL以下時，如果能夠透過每天運動半小時以上、控制在理想體重、忌吃甜食、睡眠充足、補充足夠的纖維素等，往往不需藥物的治療，就能將飯前血糖控制在標準值120mg/dL左右。
當 血糖值無法透過飲食及生活調整來控制時，服用刺激遺島素分泌細胞分泌較多的遺島素，及提高細胞對遺島素的敏感度，是第二型糖尿病患控制血糖用藥的 主要機轉，除了藥物的控制，糖尿病患仍然需要飲食控制及運動的配合，不然藥物的使用量會不斷增加，血糖的控制狀況也會越來越不容易，終究需要和第一型糖尿 病患一樣，以注射遺島素來控制血糖。
糖尿病的症狀以及危險性
除 非是極少數的第一型糖尿病患因為血糖驟然過高，可能造成昏迷而有異狀外，絕大多數的第二型糖尿病患，多是在例行的抽血健康檢查時，發現血糖超過標 準值才知道自己有糖尿病的，當然也有許多沒有健康檢查習慣的人，是因為其併發症所表現出的臨床症狀才發現罹患糖尿病，而事實上，糖尿病問題可能已經發病許 久。
糖 尿病所造成身體可見的傷害往往是其引發的併發症，遺島素的分泌量不正常所連帶產生的是，血脂肪中三酸甘油值的異常，提高動脈硬化及心臟病的發生 率，血糖值沒有良好的控制，也會造成多重器官功能的失調、末稍血液循環不佳，進而造成末稍神經的壞死，對於充滿微細末稍血管及敏銳神經末稍的視網膜及視神 經，更可能造成嚴重傷害而全盲。
血 糖值長期偏高，會造成血液滲透壓的不正常，導致血管內皮細胞容易老化壞死，血管彈性變差，因此糖尿病患的血壓也容易偏高，動脈硬化的發生率也比較 高，長期下來，加上尿中可能含葡萄糖的問題，充滿微細血管及對血液通透性敏感的腎絲球及腎小管細胞很容易因此造成傷害，因此約有10-40％的糖尿病患最 終都會出現腎臟功能嚴重衰退、尿毒及腎衰竭，甚至必須洗腎，因為動脈硬化及高血壓問題，造成心肌梗塞集中風的比例，也高出一般人數倍之多。
糖 尿病患的外傷，在血糖控制不佳的情況下，容易感染而造成嚴重的傷口潰爛發炎，如果是在下肢部分，因為血液循環不佳，傷口的癒合時間往往拖得更長， 有些時候，因為患者的末稍神經系統不夠敏銳，受傷了也不自覺，發現傷口時，可能已經有嚴重發炎膿瘍的問題，如不能及時使用消炎藥物及保持清潔，經常換藥及 控制好血糖值，很可能一個小小的傷口沒有處理好而導致必須截肢收尾。
近來一份大型研究報告指出，血糖平均值在150mg/dL的人，癌症的發生率為血糖正常者的4倍，這可能和糖尿病患者體內較高的自由基有關。
糖尿病患該如何自我保養
糖尿病是現代人很常見的慢性病，除了按時服藥，經常檢測血糖值，飲食、運動、生活習慣及輔助自然療法，往往能夠讓糖尿病患的血糖控制更穩定，併發症的發生率更低。
☉在飲食方面：
過 去認為醣類澱粉食物佔總熱量來源的60-70％的糖尿病飲食處方，已被證實並不若將醣類的熱量比例調整為50-55％左右，更有利於血糖的控制， 相對的蛋白質食物則佔總熱量的15-18％，脂肪則佔30％左右，在這樣的熱量比例下，油脂種類的選擇相形變得更重要，過去認為低脂飲食對糖尿病的心血管 併發症及肥胖的控制有幫助，然而過高的澱粉類食物，其實反而會提高三酸甘油的濃度，使遺島素的需要量提高，加重糖尿病患內分泌系統的負擔，油脂的選擇應以 單元不飽和脂肪酸含量豐富的橄欖油或芥花籽油為主，同時提高omega-3多元不飽和脂肪酸的攝取量，降低如葵花籽油、紅花籽油、玉米油等含omega- 6亞麻油酸及次亞麻油酸高的食用油比例，要小心避免固態飽和脂肪酸及除了深海魚以外的動物油脂的攝取。
甜食和糖的攝取應盡量避免，澱粉食物應以高纖穀類，如糙米、燕麥、全麥麵包等，代替白米、白饅頭、白麵包，甜麵包則更應該避免食用。
提高蛋白質的攝取量到15-18％，並不會加重腎臟功能正常的糖尿病患負擔，由於蛋白質食物吸收消化較慢，血糖波動較低，可以延緩飢餓感的產生，因此一樣的熱量攝取，蛋白質食物含量稍高時，加上高纖食物可延長食物停留在胃部的時間，因此比較不會有飢餓感。
在 總熱量的攝取方面，如沒有超出理想體重的10％時，運動量大則以實際體重乘以35，運動量低則乘以30，如理想體重60公斤，實際體重六十五公 斤，每天早晚都會運動30分鐘以上，則每天應攝取熱量約65x35=2275大卡，如超出理想體重10％時，應先尋求正確的減重計畫，這樣對於血糖控制 上，會有明顯的助益。
☉在運動上：
運 動對糖尿病患來說是非常重要的，走路就是最簡單又最有效的運動，每天快走40分鐘，對於血糖的控制有非常大的幫助，不過運動會使血糖降低，因此不 要空腹運動，出外運動時，要隨身攜帶糖果，以免血糖下降過劇時，造成低血糖昏迷，運動後覺得頭暈、虛弱時，可能是血糖過低，如有隨身的血糖測量機來檢測血 糖直是否過低，那是是最好的，血糖過低，應該盡快口含糖果來提高血糖濃度。
☉在生活習慣上：
規律的生活作息對於血糖的控制有很大的助益，壓力、睡眠不足皆會使血糖上升，另外，根據醫學研究報告指出，糖尿病患體內的自由基比一般人高出許多，如果加上抽煙及喝酒，罹患癌症、心血管疾病、白內障、視網膜病變等，會是一般人的十倍以上，因此糖尿病患千萬要戒絕菸酒。
☉在輔助自然療法上：
自然療法在糖尿病的治療上，扮演最重要的角色不在血糖的控制，而是併發症的預防，規律正確的補充自然健康產品，能夠大幅的降低糖尿病併發症的發生率。
硫 辛酸（alpha lipoic acid)- 是一種抗氧化劑，同時具有親脂和親水的特質，根據醫學研究顯示，硫辛酸能夠有效的預防及阻止糖尿病患的神經病變之發生及惡化，歐洲部分國家將硫辛酸列為治 療糖尿病神經病變的標準用藥，一般使用劑量為每日500-600毫克，對於尚未出現明顯神經病變的糖尿病患，每天可服用250-300毫克的硫辛酸來保護 神經細胞的健康，不過有些人服用高濃度的硫辛酸會產生胃部不適的暫時現象，可以隨餐或飯後服用，一般連續服用一週左右會獲得改善，如果情況持續，可以選擇 低劑量多次服用以降低不適感。
鉻 (Chromium)─又被稱之為葡萄糖耐受因子(Glucose Tolerance Factor)，鉻本身是一種有毒的重金屬，只有三價鉻才是人體所需要的微量元素，不過人體每天約只需要少於200微克(mcg)的鉻，三價鉻化合物，如 氯化鉻的人體吸收效果不佳，與有機酸結合的鉻較容易被吸收，不過在較高劑量服用時(每天600微克以上），仍有些可能提高癌症及腎病變罹患率的報告，安全 性及吸收率最佳的為胺機酸螯合鉻，餵食鉻的酵母菌與胺機酸螯合鉻類似，不過不適合對酵母菌過敏的體質服用，人體缺乏鉻時，細胞對遺島素的敏感度會降低，促 使血糖的提高，部分臨床研究發現，每天補充600微克(mcg)的鉻，對於血糖的控制是有幫助的，不過一般建議保養劑量為每天200∼400微克的鉻，胺 機酸螯合鉻的吸收率較高，因此每天補充200mcg（微克）就能達到保養的效果。
深 海魚油─含豐富的omega-3多元不飽和脂肪酸，具有預防血栓形成，預防動脈硬化的作用，由於糖尿病患的血 管內皮細胞容易老化及產生不平滑的斑點，特別容易形成血栓，造成末稍血液循環不佳、血管硬化壞死，影響最劇的就是腎臟，根據臨床研究結果顯示，深海魚油具 有保護糖尿病患腎臟細胞的功能，能夠延緩腎功能的衰退，降低動脈硬化及心血管疾病的作用，深海魚油還能夠降低血液中三酸甘油的濃度，是糖尿病患不可或缺的 天然保健食品，糖尿病患每天應攝取約含2公克omega-3多元不飽和脂肪酸的深海魚油，大約相當於6-7粒，每粒1000毫克，含omega-3多元不 飽和脂肪酸30％的天然深海魚油膠囊，或是4粒含omega-3多元不飽和脂肪酸50-60％的濃縮魚油膠囊，不過含50％的omega-3多元不飽和脂 肪酸的深海魚油為酯型油酸，也就是市面上宣稱可以溶解保力龍杯的魚油，其實吸收率遠低於含30％的天然魚油膠囊，雖然市面上也有非酯型，含60％的 omega-3多元不飽和脂肪酸的濃縮魚油，不過價格極為昂貴，往往會清楚標示，如果不是特別在意多吞幾粒魚油，其實含omega-3多元不飽和脂肪酸 30％的天然深海魚油是最經濟、吸收率又比較好的魚油補充劑。
山 桑子與葉黃體素(Bilberry & Lutein)─眼底和視網膜病變是糖尿病患很常見的併發 症，由於眼睛是一個充滿微細血管及高密度神經纖維的器官，末稍血液循環差且血管老化都是造成糖尿病患視力問題的主要原因，山桑子萃取物含能夠促進小血管循 環及抗氧化作用的前花青素，對於眼睛小血管的保護特別有意義，而葉黃體素和玉米黃質是眼底感光細胞還原的兩個重要、也是唯二的抗氧化劑，能夠保持眼底感光 細胞的不斷活化再生，對於糖尿病患經常發生的眼底黃斑病變及容易提早報到的白內障，都能有效預防及延緩惡化，同時延緩視網膜的退化速度，糖尿病患每天應補 充160毫克，含25％花青素(OPCs)的百倍濃縮（100：1）山桑子萃取物物，及6毫克的葉黃體素(Lutein)來維持眼睛的健康，降低併發症的 發生率。
維 生素B群─維生素B群是維持神經細胞及心血管健康不可或缺的營養素，尤其是其中的葉酸及B6能夠 降低造成動脈硬化元兇之一的「同半胱胺酸」的濃度，市面上的B群產品很多，但要留意選擇葉酸（Folic acid)劑量至少在400微克以上，最好能達800-1000微克，更能發揮保護效果，B12則是維持神經細胞健康的重要元素，也是素食者特別容易缺乏 的維生素，老年人缺乏維生素B12的機率很高，尤其胃酸分泌不足或有動過胃切除手術的患者，應該額外的補充高劑量的維生素B12，其他的維生素B群對於人 體的新陳代謝都扮演著極重要的角色，糖尿病患也可選擇強化B群的綜合維他命，不過要留意葉酸劑量是否足夠。
輔 酵素Q10（CoQ10)─CoQ10是人體細胞粒腺體能量轉化中，不可或缺的營養素，CoQ10又被稱為護 心酵素，因為心臟整天不停的跳動是全身器官中，作功最多、需要最多能量的，當心臟細胞無法負荷作功所消耗的能量時，也就是所謂的心肌功能不足，嚴重則發生 心臟衰竭，甚至死亡，心臟衰竭患者會有心跳速度減緩、心肌帶氧量不足及水分無法充分回打心臟而造成下肢水腫及肺水腫等的臨床症狀，心肌細胞擁有全身細胞中 最多的CoQ10含量，補充CoQ10能夠有效的提高心肌ATP的能量轉換及作功能力，同時具有抗氧化，消除脂溶性的自由基，也是臨床上心衰竭的用藥之 一，不過由於CoQ10的價格昂貴，很多具健保給付又將CoQ10歸為藥品管理的國家，處方給心衰竭患者的劑量，往往只有每天30-60毫克，與臨床研究 中，每天應投與120-400毫克的劑量相比，
其實是發揮不了作用的。
根 據兩份為時12週的臨床研究報告顯示，每天補充200毫克的CoQ10能夠提高糖尿病患的細胞對遺島素的敏感度，使得血糖的控制更順利，同時具有保護神 經及心血管細胞的功能，而這樣的效果，也可能降低糖尿病的用藥量，在補充CoQ10的初期，最好能監測是否產生血糖過低的現象而需要調整藥物劑量。
前 花青素OPCs─是一種有效的抗氧化劑，存在天然的多種植物及食物中，如紅酒、蔓越莓（小紅莓）、山桑子、綠 茶、紅茶、小藍莓、山楂等，不過含量最豐富的莫過於葡萄籽和松樹皮，高濃度萃取的葡萄籽和松樹皮萃取物，其中的OPCs可高達80-95％，不過還是要看 產品規格標示，OPCs是一種兼具水溶性和脂溶性的抗氧化物，能夠有效的中和自由基，預防細胞的老化、防止動脈硬化、降低細胞突變的機會，由於糖尿病患體 內擁有比一般人更多的自由基，補充富含OPCs的食物或補充劑，能夠有效的降低病情惡化及預防細胞老化，同時也能減少或延緩併發症的發生率，OPCs的補 充劑量，按體重計算，每一公斤約2-3毫克的OPCs，例如每粒含95％OPCs的葡萄籽萃取物100毫克，實際OPCs的劑量為95毫克，以體重60公 斤左右的糖尿病患來說，每天需服用兩粒，OPCs在空腹服用時，效果較佳。
銀 杏萃取物(Ginkgo Biloba)─銀杏萃取物為萃取自銀杏葉的銀杏黃酮素，標準萃取物去除了大部分對 人體有害的的銀杏酸，以50：1的濃縮比例萃取出含24％銀杏黃酮素EGb，EGb具有抗氧化作用、抗血栓及促進末稍血液循環的作用，能夠改善糖尿病患的 下肢血液循環不佳，預防血栓形成，也能促進腦部血液循環，預防老年癡呆症，不過銀杏萃取物會加強抗凝血劑的作用，如長期在服用抗凝血劑的糖尿病患，則不宜 併服銀杏萃取物。
除了以上的天然健康產品能夠有效的降低糖尿病併發症的發生率，提高血糖控制的成效外，尚有
CLA（共 軛亞麻油酸）、Phase 2 澱粉酵素阻斷劑、維他命E、苦瓜萃取物、微量元素釩、鋅、蘆薈等，皆有研究顯示對糖尿病有幫助，不過健康食品種類何其之多，糖尿病患不可能把所有對糖尿病 有幫助的健康食品通通吃下肚，如此可能因為效果重複而無法充分發揮預期加成的效果，患者每天吞服大量的丸劑，也是一項沈重的負擔，尤其是老年病患的吞嚥較 困難，再者經濟效益觀點上，也不划算，糖尿病患應能按照本身病情的輕重及經濟狀況來調整以上列出比較具有明確正面意義的重點產品來服用，配合正規的治療、 經常的血糖值檢測、高纖低醣飲食、規律的運動及充足的睡眠，糖尿病患一樣能夠健健康康的過生活，精神奕奕、長年百歲。

作者：陳思廷
台 北醫學院藥學系畢，中華民國註冊藥師，美國威斯康辛州立大學食品營養碩士，美國營養師學會會員，美國生活形態學會（AALC）體重控制顧問 、美國順勢療法學會會員、加拿大健康食品協會會員、加拿大自然醫藥學院及健康食品協會認證之健康食品指導顧問（Certified Natural Products Advisor)，榮獲加拿大健康食品協會提名之2005年Gordon Stories優良自然健康產品顧問獎，目前為長春月刊、OHAYO早安元氣生活網、維特益健康網、亞洲醫療網、聯合報等之健康專欄作者，著有：保健食品 總體檢（台視文化）、輕鬆瘦身十公斤（台視文化


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Isotonix™ Vitamin K2 with D3

What Makes Isotonix™ Vitamin K2 with D3 Unique?

Isotonix Vitamin K2 with D3 contains vitamin K2, a form of vitamin K which supports vascular health and calcium utilization along with vitamin D3, the metabolically active form of vitamin D. Vitamin K supports the normal delivery of calcium to the bones, while vitamin D plays an important role in bone health, working with vitamin K to support normal absorption of calcium. Isotonix Vitamin K2 is the first of its kind to deliver both of these powerful vitamins with isotonic delivery.

Vitamin K2 and D3 are paired together in Isotonix™ Vitamin K2 with D3, because they work synergistically together to support calcium absorption and utilization.

At least two naturally occurring forms of vitamin K have been identified and are known as K1 and K2. While there are many similarities between these two forms of vitamin K, they are distinguished by their important differences. The most significant difference between K1 and K2 is their chemical structure which results in different pharmacokinetic properties. Vitamin K1 is retained primarily in the liver where, at high doses, it may interfere with the action of warfarin and other anticoagulant medications. 

Vitamin K2 has a different mechanism of action. It is transported primarily to bones and blood vessels. Vitamin K2 helps to maintain bone mass and supports calcium utilization.

Some studies have concluded that vitamin K2 does not interfere with anticoagulant medications.* However, most products containing vitamin K (including K1 and/or K2) warn users taking anticoagulants not to take the product. If you are currently taking warfarin or another anticoagulant medication, you should consult your physician before taking any product containing vitamin K1 or K2.

Related Terms: vitamin D, vitamin K, bone health, cardiovascular health, immune support, D3, K2

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Tufts-Harvard study builds vitamin D's anti-diabetes potential

Tufts-Harvard study builds vitamin D's anti-diabetes potential

By Stephen Daniells, 09-Aug-2011

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Daily supplements of vitamin D may boost the function of the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, says a new study from Boston-based researchers that supports the potential role of the vitamin for pre-diabetics.

A daily 2,000 International Units (IU) dose of vitamin D3, also known as cholecalciferol, was associated with a 25 percent improvement in the functioning of beta cells in the pancreas, according to findings published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

Low levels of beta cell function in the pancreas predict the risk of diabetes, said the researchers.

"These results suggested that vitamin D may have a role in delaying the progression to clinical diabetes in adults at high risk of type 2 diabetes," wrote researchers led by Anastassios Pittas from Tufts Medical Center in Boston.

"Our results may also be relevant to patients with type-1 diabetes, which is characterized by beta-cell failure; however, a specific study in type-1 diabetes would be needed to test this hypothesis because the underlying defect (autoimmunity) is different from type-2 diabetes."

Study details

The study included 92 people with an average age of 57 and an average BMI of 32 kg/m2. Participants were randomly assigned to receive vitamin D (2000 IU per day) or calcium carbonate (800 mg per day). Participants received either the vitamin D with or without calcium or calcium alone for 16 weeks.

At the end of the study, a measure of the function of beta-cells was improved in the people receiving vitamin D, with the so-called disposition index (a measure of beta cell function in the pancreas that includes measures of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity) improved by about 26 percent, compared with a decline of about 14 percent in the no-vitamin D group.

"Vitamin D improved the disposition index and insulin secretion," said the researchers, "but its effect on insulin sensitivity was not significant, which indicated a predominant effect of vitamin D on the pancreatic beta cell."

The researchers added that there were no significant differences with calcium compared with no calcium for any of their measures.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D refers to two biologically inactive precursors - D3, also known as cholecalciferol, and D2, also known as ergocalciferol. Both D3 and D2 precursors are transformed in the liver and kidneys into 25- hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), the non-active 'storage' form, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), the biologically active form that is tightly controlled by the body.

The science builds

The link between vitamin D and metabolic syndrome is plausible biologically. Vitamin D deficiency has previously been linked to impaired insulin secretion in animals and humans, and has also been linked to insulin resistance in healthy, glucose-tolerant subjects.

Commenting on the mechanism, the Boston-based scientists note: "Vitamin D may have a direct effect mediated by the binding of the active form 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D to the vitamin D receptor, which is expressed in beta cells.

"The presence of the vitamin D response element in the human insulin gene promoter and transcriptional activation of the human insulin gene caused by 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D further supported a direct effect of vitamin D on insulin synthesis and secretion."

A role for supplements?

The results were welcomed by Harry Rice, PhD, director of regulatory & scientific affairs for the United Natural Products Alliance (UNPA), a trade association for dietary supplement and functional food manufacturers, as adding to our understanding the role of vitamin D in the development and progression in type-2 diabetes.

"The results from this study suggest that supplementation with vitamin D alone or with calcium may delay the progression of pre-diabetes to type-2 diabetes," said Dr Rice.

"While we may be far from seeing a public health recommendation associated with taking vitamin D for the prevention of type-2 diabetes, the body of quality scientific evidence supporting a multitude of health benefits (above and beyond reducing the risk of developing type-2 diabetes) associated with vitamin D keeps growing.

"Given the number of health benefits associated with vitamin D, coupled with evidence that certain segments of the population are vitamin D deficient, those not supplementing their diet with vitamin D may want to rethink that decision," he added.

"While there's been some high-quality research conducted to date in this area, to better elucidate the potential role of Vitamin D in type-2 diabetes, high-quality observational studies and randomized clinical trials measuring blood concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and clinically relevant glycemic outcomes are necessary."

Stats

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), diabetes affects over 220 million people globally and the consequences of high blood sugar kill 3.4 million every year. If such statistics weren't scary enough, the WHO is predicting deaths to double between 2005 and 2030.

The total costs associated with the condition in the US alone are thought to be as much as $174 billion, with $116 billion being direct costs from medication, according to 2005-2007 American Diabetes Association figures.

Beyond diabetes

Vitamin D deficiency in adults is reported to precipitate or exacerbate osteopenia, osteoporosis, muscle weakness, fractures, common cancers, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases and cardiovascular diseases. There is also some evidence that the vitamin may reduce the incidence of several types of cancer and type-1 diabetes.

Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
August 2011, Volume 94, Number 2, Pages 486-494
"Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on pancreatic β cell function, insulin sensitivity, and glycemia in adults at high risk of diabetes: the Calcium and Vitamin D for Diabetes Mellitus (CaDDM) randomized controlled trial"
Authors: J. Mitri, B. Dawson-Hughes, F.B. Hu, A.G. Pittas

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A new phone??

Mobilicity Midnight Madness: Employee Pricing on Unlimited Plans and Select $0 Phones on August 12 

There's been some talk in the forums about a Moblicity promotion that is taking place this Friday. While they haven't officially released any details, Mobile Syrup has leaked some information about what Mobilicity has planned for Midnight Madness on August 12, and it includes employee pricing. 

From 6PM until midnight, they will be offering employee pricing on unlimited plans - you'll be able to get unlimited talk, text and data for $40 a month (translates into a savings of $10-$15 a month). That includes unlimited Canadian and U.S. long distance, voicemail, caller ID and more! Some locations will be giving away selected phones, rumoured to include the HTC Panache and Nexus S, for $0 when you activate on a $35 or higher multi-month plan or if you opt for a $35 plan and subscribe to preauthorized credit payment. The selection of phones will vary by location. 

If you use your phone mainly in Edmonton, Calgary, Vancouver, Ottawa or Toronto, Mobilicity has some pretty decent plans and add-ons. Unlike most mobile providers, you don't need to commit to a contract with Mobilicity. 

To find your neareast Mobilicity dealer, use their store locator. We'll update this post as more details become available. 

Fwd: 轉寄﹕ 宜蘭人3成以上有肝病 ~~肝炎禍首竟然是青蔥

 I got to admit... I do eat green onions raw a lot... that's why acid reflex might not be a bad thing because the acid could kill all the eggs..

> 肝炎禍首竟然是青蔥
>
> ※※ 如有牛肉切盤要灑上蔥花時,請記得先過燙一下哦。
> 肝炎禍首竟然是青蔥？怪不得宜蘭人3成以上有肝病
> 從沒想過，但看起來，的確是有可能的.....最近數起A型
> 肝炎的食品中毒事件，禍首竟然是青蔥。
> 青蔥最好別生吃，在顯微鏡下有好多噁心的蟲蟲 !
> 沒錯..以前修 microbiology 時，在顯微鏡下，看過蔥管內
> 有好多噁心的虫虫...蛋蛋... 。
> 還有 ! 香菜也是 ( 常見大量 fungus) ，而且與香菜同保存
> 的食物也會遭到染污，而且更噁 '''' 。
> 所以奉勸愛生吃香菜、青蔥的姊妹們，先把牠燙死再吃！
> 飲食衛生青蔥最好別生吃。中國人愛吃脆皮烤鴨，往往
> 將脆皮烤鴨肉包著生的青蔥段?沾著甜麵醬吃；吃炒米粉、
> 貢丸湯、肉羹湯、麵湯、餛飩湯、火鍋料理、 燒烤料理
> 及魚肉料理時，也免不了要來點兒青蔥花提味。
> 中國人生吃青蔥的機會實在太多了，麵攤、火鍋店，各
> 個餐廳索性就擺一大碗青蔥花，讓消費者自行取用......
> 但是，愛吃青蔥花的人在下箸前可得三思了，因為美國食
> 品藥物管理局日前呼籲消費者注意，最近數起 A 型肝炎的
> 食品 中毒事件，禍首竟然是青蔥。
> A 型肝炎病毒是一種肝臟疾病，通常在感染 A 型肝炎病毒
> 六週後會有症狀，輕微者是發燒、腹瀉、噁心、嘔吐、無
> 食慾、腹痛、疲倦、皮膚變黃。嚴重者則引發為肝臟疾病。
> 美 國食品藥物管理局建議消費者應將青蔥放入鍋中加蓋完
> 全煮熟，或在烹煮魚、肉類或其他料理放入青蔥時，也應
> 將青蔥完全煮熟後再吃，以降低罹患 A 型肝炎的風險再次
> 提醒 A 型肝炎 --- 禍首是 : 青蔥及香菜
> 美國食物管理局 (FDA - U.S. Food and Drug Administration)
> 網站上所公佈的警告。
> 關於青蔥，最好不要生吃。 這是 FDA 的網站，可供參考。
> <http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/hep-aqa.html%C2%A0>

Are Your Bones Getting Enough of This Important Vitamin?

by VRP Staff

If you're beginning to have concerns about maintaining your bone health, you might think that an extra glass of milk every day will deliver all the nutrients you need. But the truth is that calcium and vitamin D alone can't support the dynamic metabolism of your bones—and new research is shining a spotlight on the vital importance of another vitamin in the effort to support overall bone strength.

As part of a recent study, researchers set out to identify the influence that vitamin K2 (also known as menaquinone) has on osteoclasts and osteoblasts—two types of cells that work in tandem to break down and form bone tissue, respectively. This continual process of resorption and regeneration—called "remodeling"—is essential to maintaining maximum, lifelong bone density and strength.

There are several factors, however, that can throw your body's bone remodeling process off balance—and as the results of this new study show, vitamin K2 may play a critical role in keeping the cycle on track.

The researchers discovered that vitamin K2 is able to block the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)—two inflammatory mediators that simultaneously increase the activity of bone-degrading osteoclasts while decreasing the activity of bone-building osteoblasts. By keeping NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha at bay, vitamin K2 tips your body's scales back toward regeneration, promoting normal bone tissue formation and supporting maximum bone density.¹

These findings support previous research on vitamin K2's benefits for bone density support, with the study authors touting its unique bone-building mechanism as an effective potential tool in the quest to maintain a strong skeleton. And that's just one more reason to add a daily dose of this nutrient—available as Ultra K2 from Vitamin Research Products®—to your bone health regimen today.

Reference:

1. Yamaguchi M, Weitzmann MN. Vitamin K2 stimulates osteoblastogenesis and suppresses osteoclastogenesis by suppressing NF-kB activation. Int J Mol Med. 2010 Nov 11. Published Online Ahead of Print.

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Great water filter $50 Cashback limited time

Primary Benefits of the PureH2O™ Countertop Water Filter: Produces healthy, great-tasting water Reduces chlorine taste and odor, and other contaminants Easy installation at a fraction of the cost of bottled water Eliminates the waste generated from plastic water bottles Features a dual-filter system using a combination of carbon filtration, ion exchange and sub-micron filtration Helps maintain healthy pH levels Enhances mineral balance What Makes the PureH2O™ Countertop Water Filter Unique? The PureH2O™ Countertop Water Filter features an exclusive dual-filter system that installs in seconds and uses a combination of carbon filtration, ion exchange and sub-micron filtration to produce truly healthy, great-tasting water from your kitchen tap. Using the latest two-stage water filtration technology, the PureH2O Countertop Water Filter filters a wider range of contaminants than other filters. The first cartridge reduces sediment, tiny microscopic particles, and chlorine taste and odor. The second cartridge features a complex ion exchange process that enhances the mineral balance of water while reducing the lead. The PureH2O Countertop Water Filter also helps maintain healthy pH levels. Many municipal water supplies cannot completely filter out all chemical contaminants. In fact, some chlorine taste and odor stays in after processing and ends up in the tap water you drink. PureH2O Countertop Water Filter virtually eliminates the chlorine taste and bad odors, greatly improving the quality and clarity of your tap water. PureH2O™, Because it’s your water! Product Specifications for PureH2O™ Countertop Water Filter: Operating Pressure Range: 0-50 psi Operating Temperature Range: 40-90 Degrees F Maximum Flow Rate: 0.5 gpm Rated Capacity of Filter Cartridge: 500 Gallons/ Replacement Cost is $55.00 IMPORTANT: Do not use the PureH2O™ Countertop Water Filter where water is microbiologically unsafe or with water of unknown quality.  Frequently Asked Questions about PureH2O™ Countertop Water Filter: Is bottled water or filtered water better? While much bottled water is of good quality, there are little or no regulations or means of ensuring bottled water quality; it is a self-policed industry for the most part. In contrast, the home-water treatment industry is very heavily regulated. Manufacturers must do extensive testing and reporting to prove their products' effectiveness at providing quality water. Manufacturers are required to supply "Performance Data Sheets" demonstrating the products ability to reduce certain contaminants; bottled water companies are not required to demonstrate their waters quality. What is TDS? Total Dissolved Solids, the total measurement by weight of all solids that are dissolved in water. The dissolved solids in water are primarily calcium and magnesium and would not be a measurement of contamination. Tests that measure the conductivity of water (often used by companies selling reverse osmosis and distillation system) only give a rough estimate of dissolved solids, mostly minerals, and do not show water quality. Implying that these tests show water quality is highly misleading and unethical. Is Chlorine harmful? Chlorine was first added to a community water system in 1908 in Chicago and was instrumental in eliminating many types of water-borne disease such as Cholera and Typhoid fever. Prior to chlorination, many major cities had death tolls of 1 in 1000 people from Typhoid alone. Chlorine has been used to disinfect municipal water for over 80 years and has had some positive effects on public health. In the 1970s it was discovered that chlorine, when added to water, forms Trihalomethanes (chlorinated by-products) by combining with certain naturally-occurring organic matter such as vegetation and algae. In 1992, the American Journal of Public Health published a report that indicated certain unhealthy effects associated with consuming chlorinated water. This report also stated that much of these effects were due to showering in chlorinated water. The effects of drinking chlorinated water have been debated for decades. However, most experts now agree that there are some significant risks related to consuming chlorine and chlorinated by-products in drinking water.   Why do some areas test negative for chlorine? Virtually all city water systems contain some level of chlorine. The level will vary based on outdoor temperature, the season, distance from water utility and current usage. While chlorine may sometimes be undetectable on a certain day with a standard OTO test kit, that level can change dramatically day to day. Also some cities use ammonia at certain times as a disinfectant in order to reduce chlorination by products. Without chlorine, the dangers of water borne disease would be too significant. An undetectable chlorine level, on a certain day, does not eliminate the need for an effective home filtration system.   What are VOCs? Volatile Organic Chemicals are synthetic compounds that turn into vapor at relatively low temperatures. VOCs typically vaporize at a much lower temperature than water. Most synthetic chemicals found in water, such as pesticides and herbicides, are VOCs. What is the best container for storing filtered water? Glass is always best; however, if glass is not practical, then a high-grade polycarbonate material is best. Clear plastic bottles and pitchers with a #1 in the recycle triangle on the bottom, like the bottles used by Evian and the higher quality bottled waters, are the best option for water storage since they have been shown to release the lowest levels of plastic component chemicals into water. Translucent, colored or bottles with a number other than 1 on the bottom should be avoided because there is the possibility of higher levels of chemicals leeching into the water from the plastic.   Do water treatment products require FDA approval? No. However, the certifications that apply to the PureH2O™ Countertop Water Filter require proof that all wet component materials meet FDA requirements for food grade materials.   Are whole house systems (P.O.E.- point-of-entry) better than counter-top filters (P.O.U.- point-of-use)? P.O.U. systems are by far the best way to ensure the highest quality water since many water-borne contaminants come from the plumbing in your house, especially lead and vinyl chloride from the piping. By filtering water at the point-of-use, you reduce contaminants just prior to consumption, eliminating the chance of recontamination. Point-of-entry systems offer certain benefits but do not replace the benefits of point-of-use filtration. What are the benefits of magnetic water treatment? While there are manufacturers that make beneficial claims for magnetic water treatment, there are no credible studies or documentation that magnetics offer any measurable benefits for drinking water, consumers should beware of undocumented claims.  How do you know if there are contaminants in your water? All public water systems contain some level of one or more unhealthful chemicals. Regulations only require periodic testing of about 90 chemicals. There are now more than 75,000 chemicals used in our society with over 1000 new ones being developed each year. Contaminant levels fluctuate throughout the year making it impossible to know the actual level of contamination in a central water system. So far over 2100 toxic chemicals have been detected in America's water systems. Are some people more sensitive to chemicals in drinking water and shower water than others? Definitely, small children and the elderly are especially more affected by contaminants in water due to a reduced capacity to deal with toxins and a less tolerant immune system.  If my municipal water company's Annual Water Quality Report shows that it meets all EPA guidelines, does that mean its safe? On October 1 1999, a new federal law went into effect that requires water utilities to send each customer a detailed report showing what is in their water, appropriately called "The Right To Know Amendment." Of the over 75,000 toxic chemicals used in our society, the EPA has only set standards (MCLs) for about 90, and those 90 Maximum Contaminant Levels are not necessarily set on "health effects." The EPA considers limited health studies based on consumption of one certain chemical by a 175 lb. adult when setting these standards. No consideration is given to the effects on small children or the combined effects of two or more contaminants, which some studies show are magnified by as much as 1000 times. Water utilities are only required to test for the 90 contaminants that the EPA has set standards for. Nobody knows how many chemicals may actually be in tap water. According to the Ralph Nader Research Group, after reviewing thousands of pages of EPA documents acquired through the Freedom of Information Act, more than 2100 chemicals have already been detected in U.S. water supplies. Virtually all public water systems have some level of contamination. The water utilities are usually quick to point out that the chemicals found in their water are "below EPA's Maximum Levels", and in most cases they are. In a recent report from the National Cancer Institute to the Surgeon General it was stated that "No level of exposure to a chemical carcinogen should be considered toxicologically insignificant to humans," and we are learning the hard way the truth of this statement. How can I find out what water quality my city has?   Simply go to this site and it will give you information on your local water quality: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwinfo/index.html

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To Dream.............

To dream.. Is what motivates ppl. I love what Anne Hathaway said at the end of Oscar that dreams do come true. Let's start taking actions. The worst we can do is do nothing.
If we are totally happy with our lives and everything is perfect, we would not dream and want sometihng different. We all want to be happy; therefore, we should DO something about it.


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What makes disappointment so disappointing is that you know you can do better. So instead of sinking too far into the disappointment, get up, get going, and do better.

The very feeling you have that life can be better is proof positive that it can be. What you're feeling is your most positive vision of how life can be, calling to you.

Answer that calling, quickly and decisively. Make something good and positive and valuable out of the setbacks that have disappointed you so.

Use your experience to get better, to do better, to become more effective, to become more determined and committed. Feel the certainty that you can do better, and let it energize and animate your actions.

Even when you've done great, the great thing is, you can do better. Always there is the opportunity to do better.

Do all that you know you can do to take that opportunity. And with each experience, with each passing moment, you do indeed make life better.

-- Ralph Marston

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No more sleepless night..

have been suffering from insomnia for a long time since my teen years. I have been taking prescription sleeping meds for a long time and then lately I found this great health supplements and now I have been meds free for a long time...  you guys should definitely tried it out if you have similar issues..